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Gerhard Muller joins me on episode 59.
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Gerhard is the product manager for Hohner Harmonicas, a role that he has held for 28 years.
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His father worked as a gardener at the Hohner factory in Trossingen, and as well as getting his son harmonica lessons, he even had a hand in helping Gerhard land his dream job at Hohner.
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Gerhard talks us through the fascinating history of Hohner and how it was established as the leading harmonica brand in the world, having sold over 1 billion harmonicas since the company began.
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Gerhard tells us all about Holner's harmonica offerings as well as some of the accessories offered and the yearly events hosted in Trottingen.
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Gerhard is also a fine chromatic player himself, having been part of the Holner Klang Orchestra in Trottingen for over 25 years.
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He also regularly performs in his harmonica quartet, Harmonica Mento.
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So hello Gerhard Muller and welcome to the podcast.
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Neil, thank you so much for the invitation.
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So you are the product manager for Hohner Harmonicas in Germany.
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That's
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true,
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yes.
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I've been doing this job for many, many years already.
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Great.
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So
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when
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did you start this role?
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I'm an old guy already.
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No, not too old.
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Yes, I'm right now 57 years.
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I started my career at the Hohner companies and this was in 1984.
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So this year, that will be the 38th year as a member of the Hohner staff.
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And I started my career of course, as a kind of what?
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Businessman.
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And then as I'm a harmonica player myself, I then went to the product management of Hohner.
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And this is already many, many years before.
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I think this year could be 27, 28 years of product management for Hohner Harmonica.
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Wow.
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So yeah, a long history there.
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And is it right that your father also worked at the Hohner factory?
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Yeah, that's true.
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My father, he was a gardener, you know, the Hohner company.
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I mean, they had, this was a family owned company and all the sons of the founder, Matthias Hohner.
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They have big houses here in Trossingen and the area around Trossingen.
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And my father was the gardener.
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So he prepared all the surroundings of these nice villas.
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And of course, also the surrounding of the Hohner company itself.
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My father worked at the company also around 30 years.
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Yes, that's true.
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I have a long family experience with the Hohner company here in Trossingen.
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But he didn't influence you getting the job at Hohner yourself?
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To be honest, he did.
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Yeah, because I really was on the search.
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So what should I do after my school?
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I'm born in Trussingen because Hohner is still one of the biggest factories and I was also influenced definitely.
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You start playing a musical instrument of Hohner when you are in school and I start playing the harmonica because my father also played the harmonica when he was young.
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He played in an orchestra.
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I did the same thing.
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I started playing the harmonica already in the age of seven years.
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I went to school and everybody played a either the harmonica or the accordion or the melodica.
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Some of them are also playing the recordos from Hohner.
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Fantastic.
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So it's probably worth at this point just touching on some of the history of Hohner.
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So I believe that Matthäus Hohner founded the factory there in Trossingen in 1857.
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Right.
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Was it originally for harmonicas or was it accordions or both?
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No, he started his business with harmonicas.
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So his sons, he had five sons, and they implemented the accordion in 1992, 1994.
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I'm not sure about this date exactly, but they were sons, they implemented the accordions to the business of Hohner.
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Matthias Hohner, he started his business definitely with harmonicas in 1857.
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So, obviously, Hohner is a really critical part of the history of the harmonica, and a lot of people, obviously, associate the marine band with being the iconic harmonica, certainly the iconic diatonic harmonica, and all the blues players used to play marine bands.
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Do you know, how did Hohner get into this position to, you know, sort of become the harmonica of choice back then?
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If you go to Drossingen, we also have the biggest harmonica in museum here with a really fantastic exhibition.
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And there, of course, you also can check out the history of Hohner, but also all the other brands, especially located here in Schrodinger.
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Hohner was not the only manufacturer at the period when the company was established.
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There were several other harmonica manufacturers.
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There was a company called Weiss and Messner and Koch.
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And Hohner himself, Matthias Hohner, he had a good friend, and this was Christian Messner.
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And Christian Messner was already producing harmonica before Horner and Trostingen.
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And they were good friends.
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And Matthias Horner, he very often went over to Christian Messner and asked him, well, what are you doing?
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Oh, here, I'm just preparing harmonicas.
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Oh, that's interesting.
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How does it work?
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Then he figured out how Christian Messner did the harmonicas.
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So he was more or less, Matthias Horner was more or less a kind of spy.
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And he checked out how is Christian Messner doing his harmonicas.
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And then he started himself the business and started preparing the harmonicas and found out oh, wow, there's a really big business I can do afterwards, depending how to produce the harmonicas.
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And Christian Messner, he was the guy who made the harmonicas, a lot of handcrafting things, which is still here also in the company today.
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But Matthias Hohner, he found out, well, he should do it a little more easy with more specialized machines to produce harmonicas even faster.
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And of course, even less expensive.
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And then he grabbed more and more market share because he produced harmonicas very high class harmonicas and to a lower price level like all the other competitors in Trussingen, Messner, Koch, Weiss.
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So after the period of time, Messner, he bought Koch, he bought Weiss.
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So he was the only one who's producing high quality harmonicas in Trussingen.
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So this was how Matthias Hauner started his business.
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So why is it that Germany has become such a central place for manufacturing harmonicas?
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Obviously, I talked to Seidel in the last episode and Hauner, very well established.
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Okay.
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I can't give you the right answer.
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I know, of course, and this is what Seidl is announcing, that they were established in 1847, so even 10 years older than Hohner Company.
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But I know that especially in the area where Seidl is located, in Klingenthal, there is a big business of musical instruments, a long history to do there.
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Maybe this is one reason why the harmonica industry started in Germany to influence the whole world.
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Of course, the original harmonica, pre-harmonica, was a Schengen.
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Yeah, the Chinese version.
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Chinese, right.
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But I'm really not sure why the industry for harmonica is so strong established in Germany.
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Possibly because of the history of musical instrument manufacturing in Klingenthal.
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So this could be one reason.
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Of course, there are other ones too these days.
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But yeah, obviously very strong history in Germany there.
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So the Marine Band, which we touched on a little bit there, it's had its 125th anniversary in 21.
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That became the go-to choice for many blues players, certainly in America, didn't it?
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So you obviously got your distribution right in America at that time
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yeah I mean what is still the case we have a very big success and also big business in the US I mean there are a lot of harmonica players of course blues players country players so we sell a lot of our tenor diatonic harmonicas into the US biggest market still for us the marine band especially you mentioned that we had last year the 125th anniversary of the harmonica and we tried to do be very close to the real or original marine band 1896 so we did the cover plates especially the so-called mickey mouse cover flaps so that they are very close to the original and also the coloring of pervert comb was very close to the original this is really the icon as you mentioned a lot of these old traditional blues players sunny terry sonny
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Thank you.
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They played this harmonica because this was, yes, the only one which Hohner produced at that time.
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Of course, there were some others, but especially this one was an icon because of the wooden comb, of course, starting the production in the late 1900s.
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There was, of course, no plastic combs available because plastic was not established that much compared to these times.
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But Hohner, yes, they started producing the Marine Band in 1896.
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And this was when Jakob Hohner, one son of the founder, Matthias Hohner, he made the patent especially for the cover plate shape.
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And this was in 1896.
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So therefore, this is a reason why we still call the Marine Band 1896, 1896, because of the patent, which then also happened and also agreed so that we have real patent for the cover plate shape, especially.
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So the Marine Band came out in 1896, as you say, Hohner was established and founded in 1857.
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So was the design of the 10-hole diatonic, as we can know it.
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When did that come about?
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Was it started with the Marine Band or was it before then?
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No, this must be before.
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I'm not sure exactly about when this ten-hole diatonic harmonica, especially the tonal layout with the ten holes, was established.
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This was not honoured, as I mentioned.
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Christian Messner, he also produced these kind of harmonicas before and possibly also, I mean, there are some names in the scenes that say, well, there was Mr.
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Richter, because we also sometimes say not ten Yeah, so Mr.
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Richter,
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as you say, the Richter tuning, which we're all very familiar with, with the ten-hole diatonics, he was a German, right, as you've just said, yeah?
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Yeah, yeah.
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You know, I hear many times discussions that that layout was selected because it suited kind of German folk music at the time.
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That's
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true.
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Yeah, I mean, you play normally, I mean, after maybe in the 20s, century, there was implemented then the harmonica, the Richter tuning to the blues, but normally originally you play the harmonica like this.
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I have just here a C major harmonica.
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Can I play a little bit of German folk music?
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Yes, please.
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So it was a complete accident then that this Richter tuning just works so well for blues.
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I think, you know, we're all kind of blown away by the fact that it was a kind of accident.
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So as far as you know, it wasn't designed intentionally to be able to bend the notes that suited blues so well in second position.
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Absolutely not.
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No, because this was, yes, a traditional folk music instrument, especially with this tonal layout, because you can play, especially in three holes, the chords, nice chords.
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This was a C major harmonica, so you can play all over the whole ten...
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arranged C major chords, and on the three holes in the low end, you can play them G7 chords.
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And then this was, play the melody in the middle part of the instrument, and then accompany yourself with nice chords on the low end of the instrument.
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This was the original intention.
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It's like some sort of magic coincidence, isn't it, that this just works so well for playing blues and other things, but obviously particularly blues with the diatonic is so strong, yeah.
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You know, great bit of a history there of Holner, and also, as you say, other harmonica manufacturers in Germany in the early days there so as far as you know was the harmonica always a big seller even from 1857 you know obviously the harmonica is relatively cheap instrument to buy less so these days with the better quality harmonicas but was the sort of business model you know sell as many as possible because they're relatively cheap and you know almost everyone can own one right
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yeah I mean this is the reason yes you know I mean harmonica was really a very cheap harmonica if you see old advertising from Horner there was a big display of oh the harmonica is just 27 So this was, of course, many, many years before.
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But the harmonica was a cheap instrument and you can play music there.
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And yes, you have lonely evenings, you sit at home, nothing to do.
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So you can play simply melodies on a cheap musical instrument and you can play great music on this musical instrument.
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So therefore, this was when Hohner really started to produce many, many millions of harmonicas.
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We count since the beginning when Hohner started to produce the instruments at least many, many more than 1 billion harmonicas Hohner produced over this long tradition.
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Wow.
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You mentioned Hohner obviously got a very strong presence in the US as well.
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We get lots of listeners from the US.
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So what is the relationship with Hohner US?
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How does that work?
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Oh, pretty
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well.
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We had a long history and we also have fantastic colleagues over there.
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They do a brilliant job to introduce new products and of course also sell the existing model range.
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This is really fantastic because they're also some of them, of course, are musicians.
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They know the scene and they also went a lot to special exhibitions, to special events like the spa convention every year.
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They do a really very good job to sell the Horner-branded harmonicas and, of course, also the other musical instruments from Horner, just like the accordions, because there's a big Latino scene, especially in Colombia, where we sell a lot of these diatonic accordions over there.
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I mean, this is not only harmonicas, very strong in the U.S.
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market, but also with accordions, especially in the middle part of Americas So Columbia, we sell a lot of diatonic accordions.
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But all the manufacturing, the factory is in Germany.
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While we are producing, let me say it this way, the high class models are all produced, of course, here in Trossingen, all the parts like reed plates, like copper plates, like some of the combs, the entry level harmonicas.
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We also have very good cooperation partners in Asian countries and they producing with original Hohner materials or German materials.
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They are producing some of the reed plates over there.
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there, which means nailing, riveting, adjusting, tuning.
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And then these replays come back to Germany.
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We are doing the income inspection of all these replays before we then do the end assembly, then the real whole harmonica.
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So everything is controlled and also from quality level absolutely identical more or less with harmonica replays produced here in Trossingen itself.
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Important is that we also have a team of quality staff members who went always over to our facilities which we have located in Asia to control the quality, are the tools still in good shape, are the people still the same people who we have trained in the beginning and so there is a lot of things which we are doing to ensure that the quality of parts which are produced in Asia have the real honour quality level which we need of course also then to have the high quality honours which everybody loves so much.
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You did a presentation, an online presentation to the uk's harping by the sea festival in 2021 and a really fantastic presentation i'll put a link onto that onto the podcast page so people can check that out there's a factory tour in that which really gives a really great insight you know you see some of the some of the machines that you're using your factory there so yeah i definitely encourage people to check out that video and really get a good view uh you know video view of your factory and other things that you that you're doing there at home which is a really great presentation so well done on that so about you so you're the um obviously you're the product manager for harmonica so what does that involve
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well this involve of course a lot of things this is not only to say well I'm responsible for grab ideas from musicians from the market side so I'm very close in contact with a lot of musicians worldwide and also of course with our dealers because Hona has a worldwide dealer network I grab all the information there they are looking for special models they are looking for special tunings they would like to have different colors and and and so this is the collecting of ideas to then establish and do the development of new pro This is one task.
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The other task is, of course, check out the quality of the instruments.
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So this is also quality control is one big task.
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And of course, also then to support our sales team to do special harmonica lessons and to instructions to our dealers so that they know what they are selling every day.
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So that if you go as a musician into the shop, you definitely get the correct model you are searching for.
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Not that you'd like to have a blues harp and then you go out of the shop and got an echo harp.
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like a tremolo harmonica for folk music.
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So of course, this is also very important.
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And also to support our marketing team here with a lot of materials, which they then can post over our social media.
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So are you involved with coming up with new concepts for harmonicas?
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Well, I mean, concepts, this is also very interesting because these days, especially a lot of people are asking or talking about breeze conditions because of the pandemic, because of Corona.
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So how can we do possibly some lessons to strengthen our lungs.
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So this is also very often we are asked about this.
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And then we talk also with musicians who already have these kind of concepts, whether we can support those people with their concepts, maybe producing specialized harmonicas which fit better to their systems or to their things they are promoting.
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So I think there's also a lot of things in this direction as well.
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Another part of your role is you get to travel the world and go to some fantastic harmonica festivals so obviously you go to Trostingen the World Harmonica Festival in Trostingen you go to Spa you go to the one in Seoul so what's it like having to travel the world going to all these harmonica festivals Gerhard?
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This is the nice job of course besides the fact that you are very strong involved in all the activities in the company itself at the factory but of course you also travel around the world to meet musicians as I mentioned to get their What they would like to have for future developments of harmonicas.
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And then, of course, you meet all these people during some special events.
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Yes, as you already said that I went to spa conventions.
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I went to Seoul International Harmonica Festival.
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I was at several Asia Pacific Harmonica Festivals.
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There's really a huge crowd of different harmonica activities, including then fantastic concerts in the evening.
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Also, really very interesting and informative things.
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sessions and workshops and of course also a lot of these competitions which is very very interesting for asian people because asian people they like to grab the opportunity to play in competitions and this is also a really a strength of the world harmonica festival here in trussingen which is held all four years yes i'm the president of the federation international della harmonica which is the organizer of the world's biggest international harmonica festival here in trussingen
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yeah no fantastic and i you know the fest was really short the diversity of music played in the harmonica.
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That's always incredible, isn't it?
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That such a humble instrument can play such a range of genres of music.
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So, a little bit more about you then.
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So, I think you mentioned already, you've already given us a taste of some German folk music.
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You're a player yourself.
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Are you mainly a chromatic player?
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I think you were part of the orchestra, as you mentioned earlier on, which is the Horner Klang Orchestra there in Trottingen.
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Yes, in Trottingen-Born, and then you start playing the Horner Musikinstrument.
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I started playing harmonica, because my father, he played himself the chord harmonica, the big chord instrument, also in the Honoklang Orchestra.
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Yes, I had lessons with a familiar teacher at that time, Helmut Herold.
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He was a really fantastic player who also has his own harmonica trio, the Trio Herold.
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I got lessons from him many, many years, and then I started also to get a, what, not musical career, but I'm still a soloist at the Honoklang Orchestra, playing there a lot of nice, more modern-styled tunes not classical style but more jazzy style or more yes more modern music then i established also with three wonderful ladies my own harmonica ensemble it's called harmonica mento
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so
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Yes, but basically I'm a chromatic harmonica player because this is when you start playing the harmonica in trussing and there are no teachers who train you to play the blues.
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So therefore there was no opportunity for me to play blues or different style of music.
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So therefore, and everything is focused on the chromatic harmonica afterwards.
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So therefore I started then my career as a chromatic harmonica player.
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And a very fine chromatic harmonica player you are as well, Gerhard, I must say from this thing.
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So as you mentioned there, you're part of the harmonica mento.
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quartet there's two chromatics a bass and a chord yeah as per traditional harmonica quartet so you're one of the chromatic players then obviously
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yes yes right
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so
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you don't play chord or bass yourself in the quartet?
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No, because bass and chord are really blocked by nice ladies, Brigitte Burgbacher and Birgit Käfer.
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I play the chromatic harmonica together with a former world champion on chromatic harmonica, Katrin Gass.
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I also play a little bit blues there, because we have one or two songs where also a blues harmonica, Tainal Diatonic, is integrated into the song, and I also play a little bit the harmonetta.
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Possibly you know this looks like a typewriter machine, and this is something I also play myself a little bit
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yeah well great to hear that the product manager plays chromatic and some diatonic and even a little bit of others so your group Harmonica Mento won the group competition in Trossingen in I think in 1997 yeah
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yeah it was not only Harmonica Mento so not the three ladies and me so four people so this was a bigger group and this was already then also called Harmonica Mento because we played at this World Harmonica Festival the song called Harmonica Mento this was a composition from Hans Günther Kölz, also an accordion teacher here located in Trossingen, and he is still the conductor of the Hohenklang Orchestra.
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So we played this song, Harmonica Mento, at the World Harmonica Festival, won the first place in this, I think, group category.
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And then, of course, this group, they have no further interest to play in this big formation.
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And then we say, well, it would be a shame to stop doing this.
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And then there was Katrin, Birgit and Brigitte, and they asked me, also, would you like to join?
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So We have watered and then we traveled around the world already.
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So we played a lot of concerts in Germany, of course, and then in whole Europe.
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We also went over to Russia.
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We played concerts in St.
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Petersburg, in Moscow.
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We went over to Japan, played their concerts in Tokyo.
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We had a spa convention.
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So we toured really worldwide with Quartet Harmonica Mento.